John XII

John XII
(d. 964)
   Pope.
   John was born Octavian, the son of Alberic II of Spoleto, the ruler of Rome. He became Pope at the age of eighteen and his dissolute behaviour caused considerable scandal. He asked Otto I for help against the Italian ruler and crowned him Emperor in Rome in 962 in return for the Emperor gaining rights in the papal elections. Later, regretting this, John negotiated with Otto’s enemy Berengar II. In 963 Otto returned to Rome. He called a synod which deposed John and had another Pope chosen. The following year John came back to the city, reasserted his authority and called another synod. He died before Otto could come back and he left the Papacy at a very low ebb.
   J.N.D. Kelly (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Popes (1986);
   W. Ullmann, ‘The origin of the Ottoniarium’, Cambridge Historical Journal, xi (1953–5).

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